When it comes to browser automation, two big names dominate the scene: Selenium and Playwright. If you're wondering which tool is better for headless browsing and testing, let’s break it down.

1. Setup and Ease of Use

  • Selenium: Around for nearly two decades, but its setup can be a bit clunky. You’ll need to install different browser drivers manually.
  • Playwright: Much easier to set up—everything you need is bundled in one package, no drivers to hunt for.

Winner: Playwright
It's simply more beginner-friendly.

2. Cross-Browser Support

  • Selenium: Supports all major browsers like Chrome, Firefox, and Edge.
  • Playwright: Supports Chrome, Firefox, and Safari (via WebKit), all in headless mode, with minimal hassle.

Winner: Tie
Both support key browsers, but Playwright’s smooth WebKit integration is a plus.

3. Performance in Headless Mode

  • Selenium: Can sometimes feel slow, due to its reliance on external drivers.
  • Playwright: Generally faster, designed with modern performance in mind.

Winner: Playwright
For speed in headless mode, Playwright is the clear choice.

4. API and Syntax

  • Selenium: The API is mature but can feel verbose.
  • Playwright: Has a modern, clean API that’s easier to work with, especially for complex testing.

Winner: Playwright
It’s easier to write and maintain code with Playwright’s simpler syntax.

5. Community and Support

  • Selenium: Huge community and tons of resources. If you get stuck, chances are someone else has had the same issue.
  • Playwright: Still growing but lacks the same level of ecosystem maturity.

Winner: Selenium
Its long history and active community give it the edge here.

6. Debugging and Extra Features

  • Selenium: Standard debugging tools, but not as advanced.
  • Playwright: Offers features like built-in trace recording and video of test runs, making debugging a breeze.

Winner: Playwright
Its modern debugging tools give it the upper hand.

Conclusion

Playwright is faster, easier to set up, and has a more modern API. If you’re new to automation or care about speed, Playwright might be your best bet.

Selenium, with its long track record, massive community, and broad integrations, is still the go-to for many developers—especially for those working with various languages and testing frameworks.

In short:

  • Go with Playwright for speed and simplicity.
  • Stick with Selenium if you need a well-established tool with a wide range of integrations.

Both are great tools, but Playwright is quickly becoming the preferred choice for headless browsing in 2024.